By Rajasri Chandra, MS, MBA
This article explores evolving paradigms in diabetes diagnosis and classification aligned with the 2025 Standards of Care from the American Diabetes Association. It reviews pathophysiologic distinctions among type 1, type 2, monogenic, and gestational diabetes, emphasizing accurate classification to reduce misdiagnosis and guide personalized therapy. The article details current laboratory screening and confirmatory criteria, including A1C, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance testing, C-peptide, and islet autoantibody assessment. It also examines emerging applications of artificial intelligence in risk prediction, glucose monitoring, and individualized management strategies, highlighting opportunities to improve outcomes, enhance efficiency, and address growing global diabetes prevalence.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Describe the pathophysiologies in the classifications of diabetes.
- Discuss the laboratory tests and their results in the diagnosis of the classifications of diabetes.
- Differentiate confirmatory data of laboratory testing in the confirmation of diabetes.
- Discuss AI strategies for the prediction and management of diabetes.
Rajasri Chandra, MS, MBA is a global marketing leader with expertise in managing upstream, downstream, strategic, tactical, traditional, and digital marketing in biotech, in vitro diagnostics, life sciences, and pharmaceutical industries. Raj is an orchestrator of go-to-market strategies driving complete product life cycle from ideation to commercialization.
Course Includes
- 1 Lesson
- 1 Test
- Course Certificate
MLO and Northern Illinois University (NIU), DeKalb, IL, are co-sponsors in offering continuing education units (CEUs) for this issue’s CE article. CEUs or contact hours are granted by the College of Health and Human Sciences at Northern Illinois University, which has been approved as a provider of continuing education programs in the clinical laboratory sciences by the ASCLS P.A.C.E.® program. Continuing education credits awarded for successful completion of this test are acceptable for the ASCP Board of Registry Continuing Competence Recognition Program. Readers who pass the test successfully (scoring 70% or higher) will receive a certificate for 1 contact hour of P.A.C.E.® credit. The fee for this continuing education test is $20. This test was prepared by Amanda Voelker, MPH, MT(ASCP), MLS, Clinical Education Coordinator, School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL.
Level of Instruction: Intermediate
Passing scores of 70 percent or higher are eligible for 1 contact hour of P.A.C.E. credit. This test is no longer valid for CEUs after July 2026.
NIU is approved as a provider of continuing education programs in the clinical laboratory sciences by the ASCLS P.A.C.E. ® Program.